Here is my Norton / Cynthiana plan:
The grape of extremes, Norton grapes have a "unique" chemistry, unlike any other grape. Farming and Fermentation is different for this grape. Magnesium needs to be farmed into the grape. Ripeness determination is by Brix, not TA.Additionally, Brix readings are not accurate in raw berries due to high levels of non sugar components. pH is almost alway high when Norton ripens. Total acidity isALWAYS high, so fermenation techniques are used deal with extreme levels of TA. Norton contains high potassium levels which help to reduce TA during cold stabilization. Malic acid is extreme, so malolactic fermentation is required.
Grapes:
Foliar spray plan same as all others to control fungus.
Foliar spray 4x with foliar bioactive tea and magnesium.
Pull 30-40% leaves several weeks after berry set.
Allow for 27 brix before picking.
Sample heated to 170 F, cool then test.
Sample will not be able to be accurately measured unless heated
If pH gets out of hand, pick at a 3.8 limit and adjust down to <3.6
Try to get maximum hang time
Wine:
Pick early morning to keep grapes cool. Field sort each berry.
Sort to the extreme before pressing.
Add sulfite during pressing in small batches to 20ppm.
I add sulfite after each gallon of MUST coming out ot the crusher.
Mix MUST well and Test juice for SO2 and adjust as needed
Pull sample and heat to 170 F, cool, measure brix, pH, TA.
Add Tartaric to reduce pH to 3.5.
High TA is ok, you will probably be >15 g/l
Make adjustments, retest.
Pitch yeast and add yeast nutrient. Control tempurature to 65F to 70F.
Punch cap twice a day.
Ferment on skins for 3 days and press. 3 Day limit is critical for stability.
Pressed juice is tested and adjusted again if neededfor pH.
Add malo culture at this time.
Ferment to dry.
Rack off of gross lees and allow malo to continue.
Malo fermentation is critical to balanceNorton.
Rack to clean wine as soon as Malo is complete.
Now to deal with the excess TA, Cold stabilize at 32F for6-8 weeks.
Excess potassium in Norton will remove the excess Tartaric acidif the pH is below 3.6. If your pH is above 3.6 it will not work - disaster will follow.
Add oak beans to clean carboy and rack cold wine off of the Tartrate crystal, allow headspace for expansion as the wine warms.
Test and adjust SO2 to 30ppm
Age the wine until the oak is where you want it. 3 months?
Test SO2 and rack again.
Bulk age, test and adjust SO2 to 30ppm and bottle. About 1 year from start.